An aqueduct, also known as a water bridge, is an elevated hydraulic structure built to convey irrigation canal flows across rivers, valleys, lowlands, or roads. Typically, an aqueduct raises the canal above the intersecting terrain, allowing water to pass through smoothly.

The Bazhang River Aqueduct spans between Houbi District, Tainan City (south end) and Shuishang Township, Chiayi County (north end). It measures 272 meters in length, 3.65 meters in width, and 3.15 meters in height, with a maximum discharge capacity of 27.821 cubic meters per second (CMS). The structure is made of reinforced concrete.

The Chianan Irrigation Canal consists of two main canals (North Main Canal and South Main Canal), which branch out to irrigate farmlands throughout the Chianan Plain. Since most rivers in Taiwan flow east–west, while the canal system runs north–south, aqueducts (or water bridges) are required to convey irrigation water across rivers.

At the Bazhang River Aqueduct Bridge, vehicle barriers are installed at both ends of the deck, restricting access to two-wheeled vehicles only, thereby reducing maintenance frequency. From the bridge, visitors can enjoy scenic views of the Nanjing Sugar Factory chimney and trains running along the West Coast Main Line railway across the Chianan Plain.